الفهرس 
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Abstract
Experiments carried out at the Flowers and Ornamental Plants Research Gardens, Department of the Floriculture and Ornamental Horticulture and Landscape Gardening, Faculty of Agriculture Saba Basha, Alexandria University during 2018\2019 – 2019\2020, to study the following: Effect of gamma radiation on Calendula officinalis cv. Costa yellow. The seeds were planted in the first season on December 10, 2018/2019, and the seeds were left to germinate, with irrigation operations being carried out every three days, and two doses of fertilization were added to N P K at a rate of 10 grams per plant with the covering of flowers and conducting self-pollination after that, the seeds of the first generation mutation 1 (M1) were collected. In the second generation, M2 sow seeds on 10 December 2019/2020 with irrigation and added 10 grams from fertilizer N P K per plant for Tow times. Flowers were covered with self-pollination for some flowers. Gamma radiation practices.
The seeds were irradiated with different doses of gamma rays at the National Center for Radiation Research and Technology NCRRT Located in Nasr, City Cairo, Egypt. The irradiation facility used was the Gamma rays Cobalt 60 different irradiation doses given as under (0, 50,100, 150 and 200 Gy) The main results can be summarized as follows: Vegetative characters: The high percentage of plant survival, seed germination in Petri dishes, and rate germination after transplanting in trays (%) recorded about control unirradiated and 50 Gy in two seasons. The highest number of leaves, stem diameter, branches length, leaf length, leaves fresh weight, leaf dry weight, spread plant (N-S) (E-W), and total chlorophyll (SPAD unit) resulted from the treatment 50 Gy in the first and second season.
The highest leaf area index number of branches, leaf width, abnormal plant recorded about at 100,150 and 200 Gy in M1 and M2. Flowering characters: The highest number of flower/ plant, flower diameter, flowering period, flower fresh weight, flower dry weight, number of ray florets/ head, number of disc florets/ head, ray floret length, ray floret width, number of seed/ head and fertile seed recorded with treatment 50 Gy in tow season M1 and M2. The percentage of sterile seeds and flower initiation recorded about 150 and 200 Gy in tow season generation 1 and generation 2.