الفهرس 
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Abstract
Controlling the propagation of electromagnetic, acoustic waves, and neutrons using periodic and quasi-periodic structures is crucial for several applications. Due to such periodicity, a range of frequencies will be prohibited from propagation inside the photonic crystal due to Bragg scattering. This thesis investigates different types of periodic structures for different applications. My thesis is organized as follows:
Chapter (1) discusses a broad introduction to photonic, phononic, and neutron crystals and their applications. After that, different types of resonance in periodic structures are listed. Then, new types of two-dimensional materials, such as graphene, porous materials, and gyroidal materials, are stated with their properties and applications. In Chapter (2), different sensors are simulated depending on defect resonance, topological edge state resonance, Tamm resonance, and Tamm Fano resonance. In Chapter (3), graphene and gyroidal materials are used to design different structures of sensors in different ranges of frequencies. Besides, the surface and interface roughness effect on the photonic crystal biosensor is studied. In chapter (4), we theoretically propose a novel magnetic field-dependent sensor using omnidirectional magnetized cold plasma photonic crystal in one dimension for transverse electric polarization. Chapter (5) investigates the effect of quantum dots as a supercapacitor to magnify resonant peaks. We theoretically suggest a one-dimensional photonic crystal composed of polymer doped with quantum dots and porous silicon. The simulated design is proposed as a refractive index biosensor and a pressure sensor based on parity-time symmetry for amplifying the sensing signal. In chapter (6), We suggest a novel structure for Smart windows and solar cell applications using photonic crystal. The proposed smart window can regulate the solar radiation intensity by preventing it from penetrating the buildings in summer. The suggested smart window photonic crystal at room temperature is proposed for the first time. This smart window can block about 400 nm of near-infrared. Moreover, this model doesn’t require additional heat or electric input. In Chapter (7), I investigate a gas sensor model based on phononic crystals of alternating tubes to detect hazardous greenhouse gases. Also, I suggested a device that can filter out a specific neutron wavelength from the reflected broad spectrum.
All the computations in this thesis are carried out using MATLAB software on a laptop with the configuration: Intel(R) Core(TM) i5 CPU, 8:00 G RAM, and 2:67 GHz, with 64 bits operating system.