الفهرس 
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Abstract
Water bodies in Beni Suef district suffer from pollution due to the impact of anthropogenic activities such as usage of fertilizers and pesticide, waste disposal, industrial wastes and sewage water. The essential water resource of Beni Suef district is the Nile River, delivered through either irrigation canals like Al Ibrahimia, Bahr Yusef, and Al Gizawia canals or from the Quaternary aquifer. The main objective of this study is to investigate the current hydrogeological and hydrogeochemical characteristics of surface-and groundwater with emphasis on environmental implications using an integrated approach. The factors control the geochemical composition of the surface and groundwater were studied. The quality of surface and groundwater and its suitability for different uses were evaluated according to the World Health Organization and Egyptian legislation. The physicochemical parameters were evaluated through 34 surface water samples and 43 groundwater samples collected from the area.
Quaternary deposits are the main groundwater aquifer in the flood plan of Beni Suef Governorate especially Pleistocene sand and gravels. These deposits are underlain by Pliocene Clay or Eocene limestone and caped by inconsistent layer of Nile silt and clay. This aquifer is mainly recharged through the infiltration from the surface water irrigation canals, agricultural drainage network, and sewage from villages that do not have a sewage network. Also the Quaternary aquifer recharged from through direct infiltration from the agricultural lands in the flood plan or the newly of the new reclaimed lands on the desert fringes. The prevailing human activities in the region, mainly agriculture and population in villages and rural areas resulted in different types of wastewaters eventually discharged into the aquifer. Therefore, the geochemistry of the Quaternary aquifer is controlled by the quantity and quality of surface waters (irrigation and wastewater) discharged underground and the water rock interaction processes. The evaporation process plays a significant role in increasing the concentration of salts in the surface water and also the shallow groundwater.
The water quality has been controlled by the level of contamination regarding to the surface and Quaternary aquifer in the flood plain aquifer. The suitability of water for different purposes such as drinking, irrigation and industry purposes was established. The results indicate that, all surface water and groundwater are suitable for drinking except 19% of groundwater samples due to TDS > 100mg/l. 71% of surface water samples and about 63% of the groundwater samples area unacceptable for drinking due to high content of trace elements especially Fe, Mn, Al, Pb and Ba.
Most of surface water samples are acceptable for domestic but 68% of groundwater samples are hard. 100% of surface water samples and 81% of the groundwaters are excellent for livestock. All surface waters and more than 88% of groundwater are excellent for irrigation.
In the present study, integrated technologies of remote sensing and water quality have been successfully utilized to assess the level of water pollution and give an explanation for the influence of urbanization, cultivation and other human activities on water quality related to the existing water bodies.