الفهرس 
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Abstract
This in vitro study compared the remineralization capacity of demineralized human enamel between the solution forms of theobromine and silver diamine fluoride.
Twenty mandibular first premolars in all were chosen for the study after being carefully scrutinized under a microscope to weed out any cracks or structural flaws.
After applying nail polish to prepare a labial window, artificial carious lesions were made in the chosen teeth by soaking them in a demineralizing solution for four days and then replenishing it every day.
Teeth were separated into 4 equal groups, each with 5 samples: the control group (C), the demineralization group (D), and the 5 day PH cycle group (E). Theobromine solution (T) and silver diamine fluoride solution (S) were added to the other two groups, which were similar to the demineralization group. The samples were examined using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy dispersive x-ray analysis (EDXA).
After creating a labial window with nail polish, the chosen teeth underwent demineralization by being submerged in a demineralizing solution for 4 days, which was renewed every day, and the samples were then put through a 5-day PH cycle.
Samples were carefully cleaned for 3 minutes under running water, allowed to dry in the open air, and then mounted on a SEM holder using repositionable adhesive. the buccal third in the middle.
A regular, reasonably smooth enamel surface devoid of erosive lesions or porosity was visible when the middle third of the buccal surface enamel of the control group was examined.
The enamel surface of theobromine group showed smooth enamel surface in most of the locations while the demineralization group showed dispersed porosity practically everywhere and severe rough surface. While certain spots with circular concavities exposed the rod ends. There were occasionally deep trenches of various sizes.
In some areas, the enamel surface of the sodium diamine fluoride group was smooth with no pits or exposed enamel rods visible, but in other areas, the enamel surface exhibited erosive defects of varying sizes that gave rise to the appearance of rough-surfaced enamel areas. In some areas, the enamel surface also exhibited multiple white particles dispersed across the surface, which are thought to be silver nanoparticles.
Energy Dispersive X-ray Analysis was used to determine the average calcium and phosphorus percentages, after which the Ca/P ratio for each sample was determined. Calculations were made for the mean and standard deviation. The control group displayed the greatest mean value, whereas the demineralization group displayed the lowest mean value. The four groups are arranged in descending order as follows: control, theobromine, silver diamine fluoride, and demineralization.
The findings showed that the mean calcium/phosphorus ratio varied statistically significantly between groups (p = 0.002). When compared pairwise, the demineralized teeth group had a lower mean CPR (2.1 0.6) than the control group (6.35 0.7, p = 0.001), the demineralized teeth treated with TB group (6.21 2.3, p = 0.005), and the demineralized teeth treated with SDF group (6.04 1.1, p = 0.011) (Fig. 11). On the other hand, the control group’s mean CPR was observed to be insignificantly (p = 0.755 and 0.891) higher than both the group of demineralized teeth treated with TB and the group of demineralized teeth treated with SDF. Additionally, demineralized teeth treated with TB were reported to have an insignificantly (p = 0.861) greater mean CPR than the demineralized teeth treated with SDF group.