الفهرس 
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Abstract
ASD is a neurodevelopmental, diverse condition marked by abnormalities in social interaction and communication, repetitive behaviors, and focused interests. Even while some kids are identified as late as age 8, early diagnosis of ASDs is becoming a top national focus.
Both peripheral and central nervous system neurons contain the oxygen-binding globin known as neuroglobin. It belongs to the family of globin. By increasing the oxygen availability in mitochondria, it provides defense against hypoxic/ischemic injury.
The primary objective of this study was to examine the relationship between serum neuroglobin levels and the severity of the illness in children with autism spectrum disorder.
Seventy participants were involved in this study, who were divided into three groups: group (I) had 19 children with ASD diagnoses, group (II) had 21 children with ASD and ADHD diagnoses, and group (III) had 30 healthy children who seemed to be in the control group.
The main results of the study revealed that:
● Groups (I, II) had statistically higher levels of neuroglobin than the control group, with a P value of 0.0001.
● With a P value of 0.044, patients with ASD (group I) and ASD with ADHD (group II) exhibited an increase in weight compared to the control group.
● The BMI of ASD patients (group I) increased statistically significantly (P = 0.005) in comparison to the control group.
● In comparison to other groups, group II exhibited a significantly negative correlation between hemoglobin and neuroglobin (P value 0.034), with a decent relationship between the two (r = -0.465).
● Hemoglobin and neuroglobin had poor associations (r = -0.27) and a significant negative connection with hemoglobin (P value 0.024) across all study groups.
● In group I, neuroglobin and CARS showed a substantial strong association (r = 0.776), with a significant positive correlation (P value 0.0001) between them.
● Neuroglobin and CARS showed a substantial strong association (r = 0.821) and a significant positive correlation (p value 0.0001) in all of the studied groups.
● In all study groups, there was a fair association (r = -0.403) between neuroglobin and IQ scores and a significant negative correlation (p value 0.0001) between the two.
● In group II, there was a moderate association (r = -0.503) and significant negative correlation between hemoglobin and Conner scale (p value 0.02).
In conclusion, children with ASD, especially those with ASD and ADHD co-occurring, exhibited higher serum neuroglobin levels than controls. By affecting neuroglobin levels, the results of this study’s analysis might offer the first clue of new therapeutic options.
Our study’s deficiencies include the small patient group, infrequent clinic visits, and subsequent delayed diagnosis and screening for ASD patients. Future studies should be accomplished with greater sample sizes and a broader geographic focus.