الفهرس 
ABSTRACTOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
 |  | from | 128 |  |  |
| | | from | 128 | | |
Abstract
DM is characterized by-hyperglycemia due to a complete or partial lack of insulin secretion and/or insulin-resistance, or both; the metabolic abnormalities involve carbohydrates, proteins, & fat metabolism; DM affects all age groups but is more-common in adults.
DN is a multifactorial disease that affects 10%–30% of T1DM patients and 15%–40% of T2DM patients. It is caused by changes in protein kinase C activation , renal hemodynamics, aldose reductase pathway, hexosamine biosynthesis, and advanced glycation end products.
Because measuring GFR is laborious and requires serum-creatinine and cystatin C as inputs, microalbuminuria is currently the only noninvasive-biomarker available for the diagnosis of DN.
During tissue regeneration following ischemia or toxic acute kidney damage, as well as during dedifferentiation of tubular epithelial cells, KIM-1 is widely expressed in the apical membranes of proximal tubular epithelial cells.
While KIM-1 induced by acute-tubular damage has anti-inflammatory effects via phagocytosis, chronic overexpression-in tubular cells leads to inflammation as well as interstitial fibrosis due to the release of soluble KIM-1ectodomain into the urine via matrix metalloproteinases. There is now a growing body of research suggesting that urinary KIM-1can serve as a valuable biomarker of tubular injury.
The purpose of this study was to look into the relation between KIM -1 and DN.
One hundred patient took part in this case-control study, that were conducted from February 2023 for 6 months , at internal medicine department of beni-suief university hospital.
The participants were divided into 4 groups:
group A: 25 individuals with T2DM with normoalbuminuria .
group B : 25 individuals with T2DM with microalbuminuria .
group C : 25 individuals with T2DM with macroalbuminuria .
group D: 25 healthy individuals as control group.
The main results of the study revealed that:
Regarding Serum Kidney Injury Molecule -1 ;
KIM-1 showed statistically significant difference among the four studied groups with P value ( <0.001) . In Control group KIM-1 varied from 1.70 to 27.50 with mean ± SD = 12.21 ± 7.249 , In normo-albuminuric group KIM-1 ranged from 21 to 36.90 with mean ± SD = 27.11 ± 4.48 , in micro-albuminuric group KIM-1 ranged from 10.1 to 53 with mean ±SD= 42.8 ± 9.33 , in macro-albuminuric group KIM-1 ranged from.69.to.81.5.with.mean.±.SD.=.75.5.±.4.03
Regarding.Dration.of.DM.in.different.study.groups:
It showed statistically significant difference among the studied groups with P value ( <0.001) ; Duration of DM in Normo albuminuria group ranged from 1 to 5 with mean ± SD = 2.84 ± 1.14 , while in Micro albuminuria group ranged from 2 to 7 with mean ± SD = 4.48 ± 1.53 , while in Macro albuminuria group ranged from 7 to 20 with mean ± SD = 11.56 ± 2.99 , while non of control group.was.diabetic.
Pearson’s correlation coefficients (r) between Serum KIM-1 and other variable :
- Strong positive relation between KIM1 and Duration of DM .
- Strong positive relation between KIM1 and ACR.
- Strong positive relation between KIM1 and serum creatinine.
- Strong positive relation between KIM1 and BUN .
- Strong positive relation between KIM1 and RBS.
- Strong positive relation between KIM1 and HBA1c.
- Strong positive relation between KIM1 and SBP .
- Strong positive relation between KIM1 and DBP .
- Strong positive relation between KIM1 and BMI .
- Strong negative relation between KIM1 and eGFR.