الفهرس 
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Abstract
The experimental work of the present study was conducted at the Poultry Research
Center, Poultry Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Alexandria University, Egypt,
during the breeding season 2018/2019. Molecular Genetic was carried out at the Department of
Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, Alexandria University. Two varieties of quails were used in the
present study as follows: White quails (WW) and Japanese quails (JJ). The two varieties of
quails, White (WW) and Japanese (JJ) were crossed. The breeding plan permitted the
simultaneous production of pure varieties (WxW, JxJ) and crosses (WxJ, JxW). The aim of this
study was to: estimate crossing effects (heterosis, additive and reciprocal) for growth, egg
production and fitness traits. Detect the presence of some candidate genes polymorphisms (GH1, IGF-1, ESR-1 and VIPR-1) in the genotypes. Estimate the relationship between detected
genotypes of studied genes and growth and egg production traits.
The obtained results of this study could be summarized in the followings:
Significant differences between genotypes were observed for all growth, egg production
and fitness traits studied.
The estimates of direct additive effects for body weight at 4, 6 wks at age, and body
weight gain during the growth period (0-6 wks) were positive and statistically significant.
WW-sired chicks were significantly superior in BW and BWG.
Significant positive heterosis were observed for BW at all ages studied (0, 2, 4, 6 wks)
with percentages of 2.60, 4.38, 3.00 and 2.10 %, and for BWG during the growth period,
0-6 wks (2.07 %).
No significant reciprocal effects between crosses of WW and JJ varieties were observed
for BW at ages (4, 6 wks), as well as BWG during the growth period (0-6 wks).
JJ-sired quails laid eggs significantly earlier by 3.92 d compared to WW-sired quails.
Regarding BSM, the cross between WW males and JJ females was statistically lighter
(261.47 g) compared to the reciprocal cross (270.12 g).
Significant negative heterosis (-3.75 %) for BSM was observed.
JJ-sired quails were significantly superior in EN and EP in compared to WW-sired quails.
Significant positive heterosis percentage (3.44 %) was observed for EN and EP.
Egg number and egg production percentage of quails mothered by the White variety
(WW) was significantly higher than quails mothered by the Japanese quails (JJ).
The WW-sired quails were significantly better in egg weight than the JJ-sired quails.
Quails mothered by WW variety were statistically equal in EW to those mothered by JJ
variety.
Fertility (%) of WW-sired quails did not differ from that sired by JJ quails.
Fertility of quails mothered by the Japanese variety (JJ) was significantly better to those
quails mothered by the White quails (WW).
JJ-sired chicks were significantly superior in hatchability in compared to WW-sired
chicks.
Significant positive heterosis was observed for scientific and commercial hatchability (%)
with percentages of 13.50 and 8.20 %, respectively.