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Abstract Many bacterial infections have detrimental effects on patients’ health and the cost of treatment, leading to tremendous distress. The increase of antimicrobial resistance in microorganisms is the main concern about these infections. Antimicrobial resistance is a condition in which bacteria adapt over time and stop responding to antibiotics. Thus, making infections more difficult to treat and raising the risk of disease spread, life-threatening illness, and death. Nowadays, bacterial resistance to antimicrobials is not limited to intrinsic resistance, it expanded to be multidrugresistant (MDR), extensively drug-resistant (XDR), and pan-drug-resistant (PDR). In other words, bacteria had been shifted from wide antimicrobial susceptibility to being resistant to at least one agent in three antimicrobial categories, at least one agent in all antimicrobial categories, or all agents in all categories of antimicrobials, respectively. Infections with MDR microorganisms dramatically increase the duration of hospital stay, fatality rates, and healthcare expenses [1]. The most prevalent bacteria of significant resistance to antibiotics are the ESKAPE. The ESKAPE pathogens are Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Enterobacter species. These pathogens are named “ESKAPE” because they can escape from the antimicrobial activity of antibiotics, causing serious infections. Even though these bacteria are routinely isolated from clinical environments and are linked to several potentially fatal hospital-associated diseases, antibioticresistant ESKAPE strains have also been recovered from environmental reservoirs like water, soil, food plants, and livestock. Today, ESKAPE pathogens can disastrously cause significant untreatable fatal illnesses. The ESKAPE infections lead to a diagnosis dilemma, difficulty in starting empirical therapy, significant healthcare expenses, and eventually high mortality and morbidity [2]. |