الفهرس 
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Abstract
Over the past years, the concept of pain management has extended from simply decreasing pain intensity to optimizing patient’s condition. The goal is to decrease pain scores, stress response that should be avoided in patients, particularly cardiac patients, together with a decrease in analgesics-related adverse effects like nausea, vomiting, retention of urine and over sedation. By achieving these goals, we can certainly facilitate patient recovery and minimize the hospital stay. Improved pain control can be achieved by a combination of different types of regional analgesia with systemic analgesics. The main contributor to pain post abdominal operations is the pain from abdominal wall incision. Many procedures were followed to decrease this intense postoperative pain such as, epidural catheter analgesia, Transverse Abdominis Plane (TAP) block, local wound infiltration, Patient-Controlled Analgesia (PCA), peripheral nerve blocks, in addition to Systemic administration of Non-Steroidal Anti- Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs) or opioids.