الفهرس 
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Abstract
The nail is the largest skin appendices. Its functions are support, protection and maintenance of the digital tips as well as enhancement of the sensory functions of the digital pulps; it is a tool for scratching, defense, fine manual work. The nail apparatus is an important indicator of an individual’s health. Abnormalities of the nails can provide clues to common medical problems or severe systemic diseases.
Nail disorders comprise approximately 10% of all dermatological conditions .They may be congenital, hereditary or acquired .Disfigurment of the nails has a deep impact in the patient self confidence and relation life.
Onychomycosis is the most common infective nail disorders, it is responsible for about 50% of all nail disorders .It is most commonly caused by anthropophilic dermatophytes. The non dermatophytic moulds are involved in onychomycosis as primary pathogen or as contaminant agents and secondary pathogens. Distal and lateral subungual onychomycosis is the commonest type.
Dermoscopy is a rapid non invasive magnifying device that permits the visualization of structures just below the skin surface. Dermoscopy is very helpful in diagnosis of various general dermatological disorders, including scalp/hair diseases (trichoscopy), nail/nailfold abnormalities (onychoscopy), cutaneous infections/ infestations (entomodermoscopy) and inflammatory dermatoses (inflammoscopy) .