الفهرس 
IntroductionOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Application of retaining wall systems in highway of roads and bridge construction process has become one of the major priorities in order to obtain an effective and endurable road network. Therefore, identifying, construction process and design retaining wall systems have caught many agencies attention. Since the newly constructed roads were implemented, developed and used, simultaneously. The Egyptian Ministry of Transport, in the last 9 years more than 7,000 kilometers of newly constructed roads were implemented to become total length of the network roads 30,500 kilometers. Similarly, over 10,000 kilometers of development of the existing road network are developed. Also 41,000 kilometers of development of the existing road network are under construction in this time period and newly 935 bridges are constructed to become total number of bridges and tunnels 2435, and therefore tackling the issue of slope protection and how to select and determine an appropriate wall system that is practical to construct, structurally sound, economic, aesthetically pleasing, environmentally consistent with the surroundings, and has minimal maintenance problems, and it must be taken into account. Retaining walls are commonly used, including gravity walls, cantilevered walls, counterfort walls, and crib walls. Gravity walls are made of concrete or stone and rely on their weight to resist overturning and sliding. Counterfort walls have a footing, wall stem, and counterforts, while crib walls have interlocking concrete cells filled with compacted soil. This study focuses on slope stabilization in natural man-made slopes, focusing on new and existing remedial techniques. It focuses on selecting an appropriate wall system that is practical, structurally sound, economic, aesthetically pleasing, environmentally consistent, and has minimal maintenance problems. The research is limited to observations on existing and new slope remedial works in residential areas in Egypt. New methods and technologies of retention and steepened-slope construction continue to be developed, often by specialty contractors and suppliers, to solve problems in locations of restricted Right-of-Way (ROW) and at marginal sites with difficult subsurface conditions and other environmental constraints. Professionals charged with the responsibility of planning, designing, and implementing improvements and additions in such locations need to understand the application, limitations and costs associated with a host of measures and technologies available. This main objective of this study is to explore how to select a practical, structurally sound, economic, aesthetically pleasing, environmentally consistent, and minimally maintenance-related wall system for highways road and bridges. It covers slope stabilization causes, factors affecting retaining walls, types, relative cost, analysis, and design, with a case study in the same soil conditions and different types demonstrated. Based on the same boundaries and design parameters as the case study, the follow-down case studies show the comparison between the MSE wall and RC retaining wall for various heights. It is recommended to use RC retaining walls more than MSE walls for heights ≤ 3 m and use MSE walls instead of RC retaining walls for heights ≤ 3 m.