الفهرس 
Introduction and Literature Review Chapter IOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
of Work
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Aim of the Work
Cancer is a leading cause of death worldwide, causing about 13% of all human deaths in 2007 (7.6 million), and deaths from cancer are projected to continue rising. So, one key point of ultimate success for cancer treatment is the accurate diagnosis at the early stages. Traditional methods for the diagnosis of cancer are endoscopy and biopsy are not very powerful for the diagnosis of cancer at early stages, and some of these methods are quite time-consuming and expensive; thus not available for to a large number of people.
It has been known that cancer cells can release specific tumor markers, which are usually proteins, as tumors develop, into the circulation system in response to cancer growth. These tumor markers can be detected in blood, urine, or tissue samples, and the level of them is associated with the stage of cancer as AFP, hCG and her 2. Cancer nanotechnology is an interdisciplinary area with broad potential applications in fighting cancer, including molecular imaging, molecular diagnosis.
In our work we try to develop sensitive, less time-consuming and easier analytical methods for the detection of AFP as a marker of cancer cells by using gold , silver nanoparticles and modified gold, silver nanoparticles based biosensor by simple optical techniques.
The importance of nano-diagonostic and therapeutic aspects of nanotechnology will be assessed as a new weapon in the arsenal to fight cancer. Early detection of cancer is one of the most hopeful approaches to reduce cancer death rates.