الفهرس 
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Abstract
Some analytical separation methods use organic solvents that pose health and environmental risks. Green chromatography has emerged in recent years to replace these harmful toxic solvents with more environmentally friendly alternatives. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) is considered one of the most common analytical techniques for separation, based on silica as a stationary phase. Since silica-based stationary phases are common in chromatographic analysis, bare silica with stability issues may lead to poor chromatograms.