الفهرس 
Chapter I Introduction and Review of LiteratureOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common type of primary liver cancer. According to current epidemiological data, it is the third leading cause of cancer mortality worldwide and one of the most commonly diagnosed cancers in both men and women. HCC is most commonly caused by any sort of liver cirrhosis. Infections with the hepatitis C virus are the most common underlying etiologies (HCV).
DNA methylation is the best-studied epigenetic change, and it may be detected in liquid biopsies experimentally. DNA methylation patterns of tumor suppressor genes have been studied as potential biomarkers for various forms of cancer for the past two decades. Ras Association Domain family 1A (RASSF1A) is one of the most well-known and studied biomarkers in liquid biopsies. hypermethylation was associated with loss of RASSF1A expression. DNA methylation was found to be a useful factor in liver cancer when combined with Alfa fetoprotein (AFP). MSRE-qPCR (methylation sensitive restriction enzymes quantitative polymerase chain reaction) from the best methods to detect DNA methylation status. Our study involved 119 subjects, with approved protocol by the Egyptian Liver Research Institute and hospital- Sherbeen- Daqahlia, and the faculty of Science, Mansoura University. The groups are divided into:group I: Included 29 controls. There were 7 males (24.1%) and 22 females (75.9%). group II: Included 30 non-cirrhotic-HCV. Anti-HCV-Abs were detected in 100% of the patients group. There were 20 males (66.7%) and 10 females (33.3%). group III: Included 30 cirrhotic-HCV. Anti-HCV-Abs were detected in 100% of the patients group. There were 23 males (76.7%) and 7 females (23.3%). group IV: Included 30 HCC. Anti-HCV-Abs were detected in 96.7% of the patients group. There were 22 males (73.3%) and 8 females (26.7%).