الفهرس 
IntroductionOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Rice (Oryza sativa L) is the second largest grain crop in the world. It is grown around the world on an area of 165 million hectares, and its annual production reaches 740.95 million tons. It produces 1,000 million tons of rice straw. The area cultivated with rice in Egypt is about 1.186235 million feddin, and it produces 4.84 million tons of grain, in addition to an amount of waste amounting to 5.2 million tons of straw in 2021, with an average production of 5.73 million tons.