الفهرس 
Introduction and Literature Reviewيوجد فقط 14 صفحة متاحة للعرض العام
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المستخلص
In recent years, Positron Emission Tomography (PET) reconstruction has significantly improved, greatly enhancing the quality of clinical PET images. The reconstruction technique comprises two crucial elements of physics modeling in imaging: the point spread function (PSF) of the detector and the time of flight (TOF). The time-of-flight technique involves the measurement of the difference in arrival times between two coincident photons in order to enhance the localization of the annihilation event along the response line (LOR).PSF methods involve measuring or simulating the point spread function at many locations within the field of view of the PET scanner. This information is then used in the iterative reconstruction process. The efficacy of this technique has been demonstrated in enhancing spatial resolution, signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), and contrast. Hence leading to improved detectability of lesions. Nevertheless, the utilization of PSF-based reconstruction may result in the occurrence of edge artifacts characterized by excessive intensity overshoot at sharp transitions. Standardized Uptake Value (SUV) is a measure commonly used for comparing 18F-FDG PET scans. The two most commonly utilized measures for evaluating SUVs are the maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) and the mean standardized uptake value (SUVmean).In addition to Metabolically Tumor Volume, (MTV), Total Lesion Glycolysis (TLG) ,and (SNR) . Quantitative measurements can be defined as the collection and analysis of numerical data to quantify various aspects of a phenomenon or research subject. These measurements were estimated using conventional Xeleris GE Workstation and MATLAB code.The aim of this study was to assess and enhance the image quality of PET-CT (Discovery 600; GE Healthcare, Milwaukee, WI, USA) scans for patients with breast cancer by utilizing several reconstruction methods. Various algorithms for OSEM+PSF, OSEM+TOF, and OSEM+PSF+TOF were examined. Simultaneously, MATLAB code computations were utilized to implement the identical process. Investigating the SUVmax, SUVmean, MTV, TLG, and SNR was done in order to do this. The optimized algorithm (OSEM30+PSF5+TOF) was obtained and compared to the common conventional OSEM algorithm. The quantitative parameters (SUVmax, SUVmean, and MTV) were estimated with statistically significant differences in order to do this. Additionally, it is evident that the established quantitative parameters have been refined, which will enhance the contrast and image quality. Given that these values have special benefits in clinical diagnosis, staging, post-treatment staging, and prognosis, they have lately been employed as imaging metabolic indicators. Which will positively affect the image quality and, hence, its contrast. Since these parameters have been used recently as imaging metabolic indicators and have unique advantages in clinical diagnosis, staging, post-treatment staging, and prognosis. Therefore, the GE Xeleris workstation software and MATLAB code calculations using OSEM30 with PSF5 and TOF have shown to be more advantageous in many quantitative parameters’ aspects. It can be observed an improvement in the image quality and the detection of the lesion, especially in small masses. Last but not least, the proposed protocol could be used instead of the conventional protocol in the GCS hospital.