الفهرس 
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Abstract
Summary Diabetes distress (DD) or diabetes-related distress is a form of emotional distress, which is specific to diabetes and reflects the emotional response to a demanding illness. It encompasses the significantly negative emotional reactions to all aspects of diabetes and diabetes care. It is a significant problem that affects about 50% of T1DM patients and has negative impacts on physical and mental health.
T1DM is a chronic autoimmune disorder requiring lifelong management, including daily blood glucose monitoring, insulin administration, and lifestyle modifications. These demands can lead to feelings of anxiety and frustration which can contribute to DD.
By coping skills training, the researchers can educate the patients regarding coping strategies which found that practicing a new behavior, e.g. learning how to cope successfully with a problem can improve self-efficacy and increase positive behaviors.
This study aimed to assess frequency of diabetes distress among Menoufia University students with type one diabetes mellitus, determine risk factors for DD and evaluate effect of coping skills training on diabetes distress.
The study was conducted in Student hospital affiliated to Menoufia University Hospitals in Menoufia governorate. It was a cross-sectional study of 130 patients with T1DM among Menoufia University students.
All the studied participants were evaluated through the following: Predesigned questionnaire that include questions about sociodemographic characteristics, questions for diabetes-related data,
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questions for knowledge about DM, questions for diabetes distress, questions for quality of life.
In addition, a general clinical examination was conducted, which involved measuring body mass index and blood pressure. Furthermore, the participants’ HbA1c levels were also assessed.
All patients with DD received sessions of coping skill program and reevaluated by DDS & DQOL instruments three months after the beginning of the study and another HbA1c was obtained. Coping skills program aimed to help patient tolerate, minimize, and deal with diabetes distress allowing for better diabetic control.
The study involved 130 patients with a mean age of 20.26 ±1.778 years. Among the participants, about half of them (50.8%) suffered from DD and the most prevalent type of distress was emotional burden, affecting 82.8% of the participants. It was found to be more prevalent among students of practical faculties compared to those in theoretical faculties and the difference between the two groups was statistically significant.
In multivariate regression analysis, it was observed that non-adherence to diabetic medications, the level of hemoglobin A1C, and the presence of retinopathy were more likely to be associated with diabetic distress.
Regarding diabetic knowledge, the study revealed that more than half of the patients (55.4%) had unsatisfactory diabetic knowledge and there was a negative correlation between diabetes’ knowledge score and Diabetes Distress Score.
The study also demonstrated a statistically significant impact of diabetes distress on Hemoglobin A1c and quality of life.
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Regarding the effect of implementation of coping skills program; the present study revealed that there were significant improvement in the total diabetes distress score, QOL and diabetes control.
Finally, we recommend that; the integration of diabetes distress screening into regular diabetes healthcare practices, accompanied by the provision of educational materials and resources by healthcare professionals can assist individuals in managing stress associated with diabetes and enhancing their self-care practices.
Also by recognizing the unique obstacles encountered by individuals with diabetes, healthcare providers can offer more targeted and effective support to aid patients in coping with diabetes-related distress and enhancing their overall well-being and health.