الفهرس 
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Abstract
Type 2 diabetes previously defined as ”adult onset” diabetes, becomes more common throughout the world, cases of type 2 diabetes are being observed in younger people. It is increasingly common in children.
The prevalence and incidence of type 2 diabetes, representing >90% of all cases of diabetes, are increasing rapidly throughout the world. The International Diabetes Federation has estimated that the number of people with diabetes is expected to rise from 366 million in 2011 to 552 million by 2030 if no urgent action is taken. Furthermore, as many as 183 million people are unaware that they have diabetes.
The risk of developing type 2 diabetes, environmental factors such as food intake and exercise play an important role. The majority of individuals with type 2 diabetes are either overweight or obese. Inherited factors are also important, but the genes involved remain poorly defined. Mutations of one gene can result in disease, where many genes are thought to be involved. Researchers know that you can inherit a risk for type 2 diabetes, but it’s difficult to pinpoint which genes carry the risk. The medical community is hard at work trying to figure out the certain genetic mutations that lead to a risk of type 2.
That combination of factors, genetic susceptibility and lifestyle choices, leads to insulinresistance. Insulin resistance is the most common cause of type 2 diabetes, but it is possible to have type 2 and not be insulin resistant. Other forms of type 2 where the body simply don’t produce enough insulin; that’s not as common. Researchers aren’t sure what exactly keeps some people from producing enough insulin, but that’s another thing they’re working hard to figure out.