الفهرس 
Venous drainage of the penisOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Hypospadias is the most common congenital anomaly of male external genitalia. The incidence is approximately 1 in 250 live male births. The condition is characterized by ectopically located urethral meatus proximal to the normal location and on the ventral aspect of the penis. There’s no definitive cause for hypospadias. There are many factors that may account for it as testosterone deficiency, maternal use of oral contraceptives during early pregnancy, maternal exposure to antiepileptic drugs, intrauterine growth retardation and low birth weight, twins, and advanced maternal age . Hypospadias can be classified according to location of the meatus into proximal and distal hypospadias. Distal presentation in which the meatus is located, glanular, coronal or sub coronal.