الفهرس 
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Abstract
Heart attacks are life-fighting diseases and should be considered a global health priority. Moreover, heart attacks place great stress on adults, caregivers, and healthcare systems. At present, almost 30 million adults worldwide are living with heart diseases, such as adults affected by heart attacks because of cholesterol deposits, high blood sugar, poor hygiene, being physically inactive, an unhealthy diet, smoking and hand-to-mouth smoking, being overweight, high blood pressure, and viral infection, with survival rates worse than any other disease (Roth et al., 2020).
Globally, heart attacks are the leading cause of death for both men and women, with more than half of the deaths occurring in men. One in every four adults is afflicted with and dies of a heart attack, and in the United States, over 610, 000 afflicted Americans lose their lives annually. The number of cardiovascular disease-related deaths reached 17.9 million in 2016 and is expected to reach 22.2 million by 2030. Heart attacks are responsible for more than 70, 000 deaths in the United Kingdom each year (WHO, 2021).
Aim of the Study
The aim of this study is to assess lifestyle of newly diagnosed adults with heart attacks through:
1. Assessing the knowledge of newly diagnosed adults with heart attacks about heart attacks.
2. Assessing the reported practice of newly diagnosed adults with heart attacks related to lifestyle.
3. Assessing the health needs and problems of newly diagnosed adults with heart attacks.
Research questions:
Q1: What is the knowledge of newly diagnosed adults with heart attacks about heart attacks?
Q2: What is the reported practice of newly diagnosed adults with heart attacks related to lifestyle?
Q3: Is there a relationship between the knowledge of newly diagnosed adults with heart attacks and their practices?
Q4: Is there a relationship between the practice of newly diagnosed adults with heart attacks and their health problems?
Research Design
A descriptive research design was used to conduct this study.
Research setting:
The study was conducted at outpatient cardiology clinics at Ain Shams University Hospital in Cairo governorate, as it’s one of the most hospitals in Cairo that serves a large population. The two clinics provide a free service for heart patients through treatment at the expense of the state or health insurance, and part of the treatment is paid less than the prices of private hospitals. It serves patients from all the governorates.
Subjects of the study:
The total number of newly diagnosed adults with heart attacks in the outpatient cardiology clinics at Ain Shams University Hospital during the years of 2017 – 2018 / 2018 – 2019 was 720. A Purposive sample of 251 newly diagnosed adults with heart attacks was used in this study according to the following formula.
With the following criteria:
• Adults with their first diagnosis of a heart attack.
• Age ranged from 30 to 50 years old.
Tools for data collection:
Two tools were used for data collection:
First tool: A structured interviewing questionnaire
It was designed by the investigator after reviewing the related literature and getting the opinion of the supervisors. It was written in a simple Arabic language in the form of closed-ended questions, and divided into five parts:-
Part I: Socio-demographic characteristics of a newly diagnosed adult with a heart attack. It included 10 questions regarding the adult’s age, gender, marital status, education level, occupation, residence area, number of family members’ rooms, crowding index, and monthly income Q1- Q10.
Part II- Knowledge of newly diagnosed adults with heart attacks regarding heart attacks; it was developed by the investigator after reviewing the current, recent, and related literature about the problem of the study, including 29 questions regarding heart diseases, heart attacks, a healthy diet, exercise and smoking (Q11- Q40).
Part III- Reported practices of newly diagnosed adults with heart attacks related to lifestyle. This tool was adopted by (WHO, 2021), and (Mohamed et al., 2020). It included 38 questions and was divided into:
Nutrition; it consisted of 14 items.
Exercise; it consisted of 6 items.
Smoking; it consisted of 10 items.
Rest and sleeping; it consisted of 4 items.
Compliance with treatment and follow up; it consisted of 4 items.
Part IV: Health needs and problems of newly diagnosed adults with heart attacks; it included two parts:-
A- Assessment health needs of newly diagnosed adults with heart attacks. This tool was adopted by American Heart Association (2021). It included 17 questions and divided into;
Physical needs; it included 11 items
Social needs; it included 3 items.
Psychological needs; and it included 3 items.
B-Assessment health problems of newly diagnosed adults with heart attacks; this tool was adopted by CDC (2022), it included 28 questions and was divided into;
Physical problems; it included 14 items.
Social problems; it included 7 items.
Psychological problems; it included 7 items.
Part V: Lifestyle Questionnaire Sheet (LQS)
A Lifestyle of newly diagnosed adults with heart attacks questionnaire for assessing health aspects of lifestyle for adults with heart attacks, this tool was adopted by (Ware, 2000, Abd-Elwahab etal.,2011,Mohamedetal.,2011), (Garin, 2014)and (Garcia et al., 2021), it was modified by the investigator to meet the aim of the study. It was composed of 33 questions and was divided into;
Physical well-being; it included 12 items.
Psychological well-being; it included 12 items.
Social well-being; it included 5 items.
Spiritual well-being; it included 4 items.
The Second tool: Medical records of the medical file for newly diagnosed adults with heart attacks; to assess the health condition of adults with heart attacks, including (vital signs, physical examination, and lab investigation).
Results
The results of this study can be summarized into:
The mean age of the studied newly diagnosed adults with heart attacks was 37.65±5.22, 60.6% of them were males, and 76.4% of them were females. Also, 56.2% of them resided in rural areas, while 62.9 % of the studied subjects reported living in houses with 4 to 6 residents. Regarding rooms, 66.5% of the studied subjects reported living in houses with 4 to 6 rooms, and 60.6% of the studied sample reported a crowding index less than 2, revealing low crowding. Regarding income, 63.3% of the studied subjects reported insufficient income that did not cover treatment expenses.
More than half (57.2%) of the studied newly diagnosed adults with heart attacks had a satisfactory level of the total knowledge, and 42.8% of them had an unsatisfactory level of knowledge.
More than half (55.6 %) of the studied newly diagnosed adults with heart attacks did unhealthy practices. However, (44.4%) of them did healthy practices.
There was a highly statistically significant relation between Total Knowledge and Total Practices when p-value was <0.001*.
There was a highly statistically significant relation between Total Problems and Total Practices when p-value was <0.001*.
Conclusion:
Based on the research questions and the findings of the current study, it can be concluded that:
The mean age of the studied newly diagnosed adults with heart attacks was 37.65±5.22, 60.6% of them were males. More than half of the studied newly diagnosed adults with heart attacks had a satisfactory level of total knowledge. More than half of the studied newly diagnosed adults with heart attacks had unhealthy reported practices.There was a highly statistically significant difference between age, education, occupation and residence and the total health problems. There was a positive correlation between total knowledge and total practices.There was a negative correlation between total problems and total practices.There was a highly statistically significant relation between total knowledge and total practices, and there was a highly statistically significant relation between total problems and total practices.