الفهرس 
INTRODUCTIONOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Spontaneous abortion or early pregnancy failrue is one the most frequent compl ications of pregnancy, but great difficulty is still experienced in reliably anticipating pregnancies wi 11 terminate in abortion and in many a definitive diagnosis is only made when the cervix is to be opened. Ultrasound plays a major role in evaluating the early Indeed this remains one of the most common applications of obestatric ultrasound. The value of sonography has been further enhanced with development of transvaginal sonography which permits assessment of first trimester pregnancy in a simple, fast and highly reliable manner. Transvaginal sonographic evaluation of early cardiac acti vi ty was prevous ly investigated several times but the predictive value of embryonic heart beat frequency for evolution of early pregnancy is to be clarified.