الفهرس 
ANATOMYOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Anky10sing spondylitis a chronic inflammatory disorder of unknown aetiology that affecte principally the aXial skeleton, although the appendicalar skeleton may also be significantly involved. Alterations occur in synoVial and cartilagenous articulations and in sites ot tendon and ligament attachment to bone. Although ankylosing spondylitis is now accepted name for this disease, many sYnonyms, and eponyms have been utilized in the past. Such designation as rhizomelic spondylitis, Jarie-Strumpell’s disease, Von Bechterew’s syndrome, pelvspodylitis ossificans, and spondylitis ossificans ligamentosa have qppeared. In the United states, the name rheumatoid spondylitis was popular and was even used by the American Rheumatism Association until 1963. (Resnick, D. & Niwayarna, G, 1981). In this work we have reviewed the litrature in an attempt to clarrify the different theories and factors of aetiology and pathology of anky10sing spondylitis and also the different lines of treatment. The anatomy of the axial skeleton including the vertebral column and the sacroiliac joint with parti¬cular stress on the different structures which have been suggested as the possible sites of pathology. These structures are the different parts of the verte¬bral column mainly •the lumbar region and the sacroiliac joint with its bony articulations and _ligamentous attachlllent with comment on the movement at the sacroiliac joints, the different parts of the vertebral columan and also types of vertebral curvatures. We have also discussed the different factors of aetiology and pathogenesis of AS, namely the genetic factors which is the predisposing factors which may precipitated by the enviromental factors, and it is tempting to speculate that in many patients pelvic infection acts as the enviromental trigger in genetically prodisposed subjects especially to HLA-B27 factor (Scott J.T. 1978). The pathology of AS have been found to be initially presents as ”enthopathy” consists of a focal microscopic inflammatory losions localized to ligamentous attachments and associated with an erosive defect in adjacent cortical bone. These lesions are particularly seen in the iliac crest, greater trochanter, patella and intervertebral discs. On healing of these inflammatory lesions, it will accompanied with new bone formation represented as: 1. Syndesmophytes in case of intervertebral disc lesion, annulus fibroBus, endochordral ossification of vertebral end plate, excessive calcification of the disc, disc atrophy and osteoporosis which are secon¬aries to intervertebral bony ankylosis.