الفهرس 
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Abstract
Pharyngeal reconstructive procedures after total laryn- ; gopharyngectomy in hyopharyngeal carcinoma are: 1. Deltopectoral flap. 2. Pectoralis major myocutaneous flap. 3. Colonic interposition. 4. Gastric mobilisation . 5. Myomucosal tongue flap. 6. Free jejunual segment. Deltopectoral flap is rotated to the neck where it is tubed and anastomosed end to end to the stump of oropharynx, oesophageals stump is anastomosed end to side to the lateral aspect of the tube. It is relat- ively thin, hairless which are characteristic that make it useful for internal lining. Use of this pro- cedure is suitable only for limited number of patients, the patient must have sufficiently long neck. Use of pectoralis major myocutaneous flap elimin- ates staged surgical.procedures so it decreases hospit- alization time. Colonic interposition has the advantage of one stage procedure but requires extensive abdominal mobil- isation and thoracic tunnling, .