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Abstract Chloroquine is a drug used in treatment of malaria, intestinal amoebiasis and many connective tissue diseases as rheumatoid artheritis, systemic and discoid lupus erythematosus. It was found that long term administration of the drug may induce myotoxicity, cardiotoxicity, retinotoxicity and neurotoxicity of the central and the peripheral nervous systems. However, literature concerned with the effect of the drug on the spinal ganglia of different ages are deficient. Therefore, the aim of the present work was to study the morphological structure of the spinal ganglia of young and adult rabbits, and the effect induced by administration of therapeutic dose of chloroquine. The rabbits used in this study were classified into four groups: Group 1: Including the young female rabbits (2months, 2kg). Group 2: Including the young male rabbits (2months, 2kg). Group 3: Including the adult female rabbits (6months, 4kg). Group 4: Including the adult male rabbits (6months, 4kg).Each group was subdivided into subgroup A (control rabbits) and subgroup B including the animals receiving a daily single oral dose of chloroquine (25 mg/kg body weight) equivalent to the therapeutic dose in human.The 8th cervical spinal ganglia were obtained and fixed in 10% neutral buffered formalin for 24 hours. Paraffin sections were prepared and stained by haematoxylin and eosin stain, chromium |