الفهرس 
INTRODUCTION and Aim of the work.Only 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Human infection with Giardia lamblia is the most commonly diagnosed protozoan of human intestinal tract. Giardiasis is considered to be re-emerging infection because of its association with outbreaks of water-borne diarrhoea. Despite its long history and medical importance, neither the basic, biology nor the pathophysiology of Giardia lamblia infection is well understood. Acquired immunity against Giardia is not complete, and reinfection is common, although it is not clear whether this is due to incomplete immune defenses or variations in the infecting pathogen. The major advance in understanding and interpretation of the genetic heterogeneity within the Giardia lamblia morphological group has been largely due to the development of PCR-based procedures for the direct genetic characterization of Giardia isolates, without the need for in vitro amplification . as many isolates of Giardia are refractory to growth in vitro. This study was carrie9 out on a sample of 1240 adult persons attending the outpatient clinic of Tropical Medicine Unit, Mansoura University and Mansoura University Student Hospital. Patients presented with positive stool examination for Giardia were further subjected to serological and radiological tests for detection of associated infections. Only 105 cases with isolated Giardia infection were selected for the present work on the bases of absence other systemic diseases or recent history of treatment with anti-Giardia drugs.