الفهرس 
Introduction
Aim of the workOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Urinary lithiasis refers to the accretion of hard, solid. Nonmetallic minerals in the urinary tract (B’arrutt and Duffey, 1999). Encorentering a child with a urinary stone forms a clinical dilemma. The possibility of an underlying metabolic condition or a potential life time of recurrent painful kidney stones adds to the importance of an accurate diagnosis (Stapleton ,2002).
Kidney stone formation is the end result of a physiochemical process that involves nucleation of crystals from a supersaturated solution, Calcium stones account for 60%of urinary lithiasis, struvite stones account for 5-1O%,uric acid stones represent 5-10%,while cystine stones form l% and miscllaneous Causes form1% (Morton et al, 2002)
Diammond and Menon (1991) divided stones into the following four categories: metabolically related, anatomically related, infection related or idiopathic, Incidence and prevalence of kidney stones are affected by genetic, environmental and nutritional factors (Hess. 2002).
Pediatric urinary lithiasis is a prevailing problem in Egypt and Arab communities due to the combination of genetic, socioeconomic, climatic and dietary factors (Al-Reshaid et al, 1997, Balla et al, 1998, Thabet et al, 2002).