الفهرس 
Introduction & Aim of WorkOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
The risk of coronary heart disease in women between puberty and menopause is much lower than that in agematched men, but this significant gender difference diminishes when postmenopausal women and men of similar age are compared. Estrogen levels DROP markedly after menopause. Early epidemiological studies indicated that estrogen replacement could significantly reduce mortality in postmenopausal women. As a consequence, clinicians have long suspected that the delay of a decade or more in cardiovascular disease expression in women relative to men is due to the protective effects of estrogen during a woman?s reproductive years. So, the aim of this work is to investigate the effects of acutely administered estrogen on different cardiac parameters (contractility, coronary flow rate, heart rate and myocardial lactate metabolism) under normal (non <U+2013>ischemic) and ischemicreperfusion states of the myocardium. Also, in this work, we tried to demonstrate the possible mechanisms of action of the estrogen on the myocardium. Results of this work revealed significant cardiovascular protective effects of estrogen when acutely administered preischemic on different cardiac parameters through many different mechanisms.