الفهرس 
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Abstract
The facial nerve emerges from the brainstem and exits from the skull through stylomastoid foremen. At this point, the nerve travel a short distance before it divides into five motor branches: The temporal, zygomatic, buccal, mandibular and cervical branches. The nerve is responsible for supplying an intimately designed facial musculature system which is capale of maintaining tone as well as expressing both voluntary and involuntary emotion . The most common cause of facial paralysis is Bell?s palsy i. e. idiopathic then trauma to facial nerve both accidental and surgical. Facial nerve paralysis can also be congenital. In some cases of congenital paralysis, a trauma at birth can be the cause . A unilateral loss of facial movements causes not only disfigurement but also dysfunction. At rest there is an unnatural relaxation of the eyelid, the check and the corner of the mouth, which can lead to dry eye, ectropion. The resultant facial asymmetry on movement with facial muscles occurs early, late facial asymmetry may result due to muscular atrophy . The patient with a facial paralysis is evaluated in both resting and active phase (expression, with attention paid to movement during speech, smiling). Facial muscle functions can variably be affected depending on the extent of facial nerve paralysis, so preoperative assessment is important to choice the method of surgical reanimation . Various neural methods have also been employed to attempt facial reanimation. Primary anastomosis can be utilized effectively in the acute injury. But in the chronic palsy, primarily three techniques are currently used XIIVII traditional, XIIVII jump, and VIIVII cross face graft. Four to six months usually pass before the facial muscles begin to show signs of recovery. The XIIVII traditional anastomosis can be used. Indications for this procedure include an intact peripheral facial nerve and a non atrophic facial musculature. However, if the patient has injured peripheral facial nerve or has atrophied muscles, or if other cranial nerve palsies exist, this procedure is to be avoided. The patient must learn to push his tongue against the teeth when he wishes to smile. Advantage of the procedure is that majority of patients has good movement. However, some patients can develop synkinesis and mass motion as well as atrophy of the tongue.