الفهرس 
Development of subaxial cervical spineOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Spinal trauma and spinal cord injuries are a major cause of disability in today’s society and skill in management of patient with a possibly serious closed neck injury is of great importance. A comprehensive knowledge of cervical spine anatomy, normal alignment, and biomechanics is paramount importance for the understanding of all aspects of the clinical analysis and management of cervical spine problems. An accurate classification system is important in identifying common fracture pattern, determining prognosis and assisting the physician in planning reduction maneuvers and determining proper treatment methods. Neurological dysfunction following traumatic cord injury is a result of both an initial mechanical insult and ongoing biochemical, pathological and immunological processes that disrupt normal cord anatomy and function. The treatment of subaxial cervical trauma is based on a number of variables, including fracture pattern, suspected mechanism of injury, spinal alignment, neurologic injury, and expected long-term stability. Current interventions include systemic delivery of high dose methyl prednisolone, early reduction, decompression and stabilization. Careful systemic x-ray examination by standard radiographs, CT studies and occasionally MR imaging studies are essential for determining the precise nature of each injury and for subsequent therapy. The interventions are geared toward preventing further neurological deficit and promoting segmental improvement. Cervical instrumentation and fusion serve as important adjuncts in stabilizing the traumatized cervical spine. Internal fixation with instrumentation enables the surgeon to realign and fix the spine in a rigid fashion.