الفهرس 
Introdution
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Abstract
Background: telomerase activity is correlated with pathologic stages or tumor aggressiveness. Alteration of telomere length from non neoplastic tissue was observed in approximately two thirds of HCC. Aim of the work: The aim of this work is to study telomerase expression and mitochondrial DNA in CLD and HCC,which may be used as a tumor marker of HCC, and to diagnose precancerous cases as early as possible. Methods: This study will include 62 Patients with CLD, HCC and apparently healthy subjects as control group. The selected individuals were classified into 5 groups: control group, CLD group, Bilharzial group, CC group and HCC group. 13 patients from the group V performed resection of the hepatic mass and tested again after 6 months. Samples will be taken from each patient and control subjects, processed and stored until analyzed for: Mitochondrial DNA by PCR method, telomerase activity by PCR and Liver function tests. Result: The hTR and hTERT genes were not expressed in the control group;while it was expressed in 64.3 % and 57.1 % respectively of patients with bilharzial group, 69.2 % patients with the CLD. Also it was expressed in 84.6% patients with CC and in 90.9 % patients with HCC. There is a highly significant increase in the level of hTR and hTERT genes expression in the HCC in comparison to the CLD group and the bilharzial group. Also our result showed that the telomerase genes more better as regard sensitivity, positive predictor and accuracy than US. Mt DNA shift mutations were identified in CLD and HCC. Conclusion:Patients with high telomerase activity and CD mutation in CLD and bilharziasis may be at the risk of developing HCC. Telomerase can be a molecular marker for the diagnosis of cholngiocarcinoma.