الفهرس 
IntroductionOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Laser is an acronym for ”light amplification by stimulated emission ’of radiation” .The first laser was built in 1960 by the American Dr. Maiman using ruby rod as the laser medium. Ruby has the special property of generating light of a single pure wave length when suitably stimulated. There are many types of lasers in use in medicine today Currently. Co2, Nd:YAG and argon laser are the most important lasers. Laser produces light that is different in both quality and intensity from the light generated by any other sources. The out-put from laser consists of a beam of collimated. coherent and monochromatic light. The effect of laser on tissues will depend on the following factors wave length. the total pulse duration and the tissue irridiance (w/cm2). The laser has many advantages. Blood loss is minimal as laser can seal blood vessels up to 0.8 rom in diameter. less postoperative swelling. sterilization of infected area during operation no delay in woud healing and less damage to surrounding tissues.