الفهرس 
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Abstract
Background: Percutaneous ethanol injection (PEI) has become one of the most widely used procedures for treatment of focal hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) up to 5 cm. PEI is occasionally ineffective modality because of in homogenous distribution within the tumour while percutaneous ethanol lipidol injection therapy (PELIT) is thought to be useful for treatment of HC irrespective of vasculature, as hepatoma cells are characterized by selective, active uptake of lipiodol and prolonged intracellular retention for their life span. Radiofrequency thermal ablation (RFA) is used for treatment of HCC but with some limitations. Aim of the work: The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy PELIT & RFA in treatment of HCC. Method: This study was conducted on 43 patients with 47 focal HCCs, 27of them under went PELIT & 16 underwent RFA either cool-tip (6 patients) or expandable (10 patients) For PELIT the number of sessions were equal to the diameter of HCC and for RFA one session was performed and cases with partial response underwent additional session. Cases of both groups were followed up by biopsy after 1 week and cases with partial necrosis underwent additional sessions either PELIT or RFA. Dynamic MRI and triphasic CT was performed one month after the end of sessions for follow up of cases of PELIT and RFA respectively. Results: Biopsy revealed complete necrosis in 17 patients of PELIT group (81%) and 11 patients of RFA group (68.7%). While partial necrosis observed in 4 patients (19%)of PELIT group and 5 patients (31.3%) of RFA group. Six patients of PELIT group were not biopsed due to non visible lesions by ultra sound, ascites and poor prothrombin concentration. Cases with partial necrosis underwent additional sessions Dynamic MRI for PELIT group showed non enhancing HCC in 26 patients (92.3%) and one patient showed peripheral enhancement triphasic CT for RFA group showed non enhancing HCC in 15 patients (93.6%) and 1 patient showed enhancement. Conclusions: PELIT is a new effective modality for treatment of HCC, the number of sessions are equal to the diameter of HCC in cm. PELIT can be performed for cases liable or contraindicated to RFA. RFA is mainly a two sessions technique to achieve the best results. Triphasic CT is the standard for follow up of cases of RFA while dynamic MRI is the standard for follow up of cases of PELIT.