الفهرس 
Aim of WorkOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Endoscopic lumbar discectomy is the future of disc surgery. The goal of operations for lumbar disc herniations is sufficient decompression with minimization of surgery-induced traumatization and its sequelae under visual control. This can be achieved with endoscopic lumbar discectomy, which has advantages, disadvantages. The advantages of endoscopic lumbar discectomy include, excellent visual conditions, short operative times, short hospitalization, rapid rehabilitation, high rate of return to earlier level of activity in sports and occupation, Preservation of epidural lubricating fatty tissue, reduced epidural scarring, avoidance of post-discectomy syndrome, minimized resection of bone and ligaments, possible reduction of surgery-induced instabilities, reduced traumatization and denervation of the paraspinal muscles, no surgery-related increase in back pain, subsequent operations are not made more difficult, reduced dural injury, bleeding, infections, No increase in morbidity in concurrent illnesses and advanced age and last but not least high patient acceptance. While disadvantages are limited including, difficult to learn and to apply, expensive, extensive specialized instruments, the exposure to X-rays is mandatory, extremely large herniations are difficult removed, technical limitations of the instruments, and anatomical limitations. Endoscopic lumbar discectomy has three approaches; posterolateral, transforaminal, and interlaminar approaches. Posterolateral endoscopic discectomy: Endoscopic posterolateral disc surgery represents a new concept and approach for the retrieval of offending and symptom-producing disc herniations of the lower thoracic and lumbar spine through uniportal or biportal approach. Transforaminal endoscopic discectomy: The transforaminal approach can be used successfully in disc surgery if anatomical considerations and indications are fulfilled. The major advantage of the transforaminal approach is the minimal tissue trauma necessary to remove herniated disc fragments. Indications are disc herniations located in the foramen, lateral to the foramen, or just medial to the foramen. Interlaminar endoscopic discectomy: It is used in management of disc herniations within the spinal canal. the results show possibilities of sufficient decompression, which are equal to those of conventional procedures. Endoscopic lumbar discectomy has a learning curve and requires commitment and patience. Future technological advancement will further enhance the capability of the surgeons to treat additional spinal disorders with improvements of the results.