الفهرس 
Introduction
Water hammerOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
 |  | from | 240 |  |  |
| | | from | 240 | | |
Abstract
Fluid distribution systems can be severely damaged by water hammer. Water hammer can be avoided by designing, selecting and/or operating these systems such that unfavorable changes in water velocity are minimized.
Pipe networks optimization techniques provide an opportunity for potential savings in cost for water supply systems. Genetic Algorithms (GA’s), which are one from the optimization tools, have been increasingly applied to solve complex, large scale search problems with mixed success. Genetic algorithms have been proposed to solve hard problems quickly, reliably and accurately.
This study presents the water network optimization by selecting the optimal pipe diameters for steady state flow and transients. GA’s have been used in solving the water network optimization for steady state conditions. The GA is integrated with the Newton-Raphson method and a transient analysis program to improve the search for the optimal diameters under certain constraints. These include the minimum allowable pressure head constraints at the nodes for the steady state flow, and the minimum and maximum allowable pressure heads constraints for the water hammer caused by the pump power failure, sudden valve closure or sudden demand change at a certain node. The application of the developed computer program GASTnet to the theoretical examples shows the suitability of the method to find the least cost in a favorable number of function evaluations.