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Abstract
The prostaglandins are long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, firstly, were discovered in seminal plasma and vesicular gland. As a result of intensive basic and clinical researches in the last decade, the prostaglandins are found to be synthesized in all mammalian tissues and have brought to the for front of reproductive medicine. The family of prostaglandins with the greatest biologic activity, having two double bonds, are derived from arachidonic acid which is obtained from two sources, directly from the meat or indirectly from its precursor, linoleic acid, that is found in vegetables. The majority of arachidonic acid is bound in esterified form and after its release, there are two synthetic pathways (Lipo-oxygenase or cyclo-oxygenase) to give rise the individual prostaglandins and the closely related compounds. The prostaglandins play an important role in the regulation of many reproductive process in non-pregnant women, for instances on ovarian functions, accumulation of PGs in the follicular fluid seem to be necessary for follicular growth and rupture, PGE2 may mimic the effect of LH, in inducing luteinization of the corpus luteum i.e., has luteotrophic action. On contrast PGF2a could imply a regression of the corpus lute urn i.e., has luteolytic action.