الفهرس 
INTRODUCTIONOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Pelvic inflammatory disease ( Pill) is a major public health problem.
PID remains the most common serious complication of the epidemic of
sexually transmitted diseases among women.
It is nearly always bilateral and is essentially a disease of young
adults occurs after labor, abortion, or operation, or after IUD insertion.
It is a poly microbial pelvic infection, with Chlamydia trachomatis,
Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Aerobic and Anaerobic bacteria being the most
common isolates.
The most significant impact of PIn is its long-term adverse effects
on the reproductive health of young women. These sequelae include: tubal
factor infertility, ectopic pregnancy, chronic pelvic pain, pelvic adhesive
disease, and tube-ovarian abscess (TOA).
The clinical criteria of PIn are insensitive and non specific, and
false-positive and false-negative diagnosis is common.
Laparoscopic studies of women with a clinical diagnosis of acute
pelvic inflammatory disease have established the inadequacy of diagnosis
by the usual criteria of history and physical and laboratory examination.
Laparoscopy should be recommended with the following advantages:
Confirm the diagnosis, in cases with proven Pill ( true-positive)
additional operative procedures can be performed, such as liberation of
adhesions, peritoneal lavage, drainage and lavage of the abscess. These
procedures seem to shorten the need for hospitalization and may improve
fertility outcome. On the other hand, in non PID cases ( false-positive),
operative laparoscopy greatly facilitate diagnosis and treatment of other
gynecologic or non gynecologic conditions.