الفهرس 
Effect of compost and compost tea on
chemical compositionOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Two pot experiment were conducted under the green house of Fac. of Agric., El-Mansoura university during two successive winter seasons of 2005-2006 and 2006-2007 . This work aimed to evaluate the impact of including rice straw in preparing compost tea for organic farming . Two types of soil were used in this study ; clay and sandy soil . 15 treatments were arranged in split-block design with three replicates which were the simple possible combination between three treatments of mineral fertilization as soil application and five treatments of compost tea as foliar spraying . Thus , the total number of pots for each type of soil used were 45 pots . The recommended doses (RD) of N , P and K fertilizers for pea plants were 100 kg ammonium sulphate , 300 kg calcium super-phosphate and 100 kg potassium sulphate per feddan ( 1.50 gm , 4.5 gm and 1.50 gm per pot for N , P and K , respectively) . The treatments of mineral fertilization were represented in the main plot as a rates of : 0 , 50% and 100% from RD . Also , five treatment of compost tea were devoted as sub-plots and foliarly applied at the rate of 0 , 5 % , 10 % , 15 % and 20 % chicken manure (CK) : rice straw (rS) .The obtained results could be summarized as follows: 5-1- vegetative growth parameters of pea plant . The effect of mineral fertilizer (NPK) data indicated that there were a differences between the used 50% and 100% RD of NPK compared with control treatment in all studied parameters of pea plant ( plant height , number of leaves , fresh weight and dry weight ) in clay and sandy soil . Such differences reached the level of 5% of significance in all studied growth parameters in both seasons . In this respect ; it can be observed that plant received 100 % of ( RD ) had the highest values of all plant growth parameters studied . The studied growth parameters i.e. plant height , number of leaves, fresh and dry weight per plant in clay and sandy soil were positively affected due to the spraying of compost tea compared with the control treatment . In this regard , the tea extract of 5% ; 10% ; 15% and 20% CK : rS led to a significant increase in all the measured growth aspects of pea plants in comparison with the control treatments .A significant differences were found in all studied growth parameters among the studied mineral fertilizer due to the application of compost tea during both the growing seasons of study . However , in clay and sandy soil the highest values in such growth aspects were obtained due to the spraying of the tea extract of 20% CK : rS in case of 100% RD of NPK .5-2- Yield and its components of pea plant Soil addition of NPK fertilizers either at the rate of 50% or 100% from the RD for pea plant significantly increased the mean values of all studied parameters as compared to the control treatment . This trend was the same in the two seasons of the experiment in the clay and sandy soil . Spraying of compost tea extract at the rates of from 5 , 10 , 15 and 20% CK : RS significantly increased all parameters of fresh pod weight , number of pods/plant , number of seeds/pod , 100 green seeds weight and yield compared with the control treatment . In this respect , the highest increases percent were connected with the highest level of compost tea spraying ( 20% CK : rS ) . Irrespective of fresh pod weight which was not significantly affected as a result of the interaction ; soil addition of mineral fertilizers ( N , P and K ) as a ratio from the RD of pea plant ( 0 , 50 and 100% ) in combination with foliar spraying of compost tea at the rates of 0 , 5 , 10 , 15 and 20 % CK : rS led to a significantly increases in the measured yield aspects of pea plant as compared to the control treatment . This trend was the same for clay and sandy soils during both seasons of the experiment . 5-3- N , P and K content (%) and uptake ( mg/plant) . Soil addition of N, P and K fertilizers at the rates of 0 , 50 and 100 % from the RD for pea plants significantly increased the mean values of N , P and K as the rate of NPK was increased . This trend was realized for the two types of soil studied and during both season of the experiment . The same direction of N , P and K contents was realized for the uptake of N , P and K (mg/plant) by pea plants during both seasons of this investigation for clay and sandy soils i.e. the highest values of N , P and K uptake (mg/plant) were realized for the plants received the RD of N , P and K at the rate of 100% , while the lowest one was happened for the control treatment .Referring to the effect of compost tea levels on the concentration and uptake of N , P and K in plant foliage , spraying compost tea extract from the treatments of 5% , 10% , 15% , 20% CK : RS significantly increased all estimated macro elements in plant foliage compared with the control in clay and sandy soil . In addition the highest nitrogen , phosphorous and potassium was connected with the used level of 20 % CK : RS Foliar spraying of compost tea at the rates of 5 , 10 , 15 and 20% coupled with 50 and 100% levels of N , P and K fertilization significantly increased the mean values of N , P and K (%) and their uptake (mg/plant) by pea plant over the control treatment . Such effect was happened for the two types of soil studied during both seasons of the experiment . In this respect ; pea plants received 100% of N , P and K coupled with 20 % compost tea in foliar way were superior for increasing the values of N , P and K% and their uptake by the leaves of pea plant . 5-4- Iron , zinc and manganese contents (mg.kg-1) and their uptake (mcg/plant) . Fe , Zn and Mn contents and their uptake by pea plants significantly increased with an addition of 50 or 100% from the RD comparing with the control treatment during both seasons of study . In this regard , pea plants treated with 100% RD reflected the greatest percentage values of micro elements during both seasons of study .The total Fe , Zn and Mn (mg.kg-1) and their uptake by pea plants were significantly increased as the rate of compost tea spraying was increased . The maximum increases for the values of Fe , Zn and Mn mg.kg-1 were realized for pea plants treated with (CT) at the rate of 20% . These results were confirmed during both seasons for clay and sandy soils . foliar spraying of pea plants by compost tea at the rate of 5 , 10 , 15 and 20% (CK : RS ) coupled with soil fertilization with N , P and K fertilizers at the levels of 50 or 100 % from the RD significantly increased the contents of Fe , Zn and Mn mg.kg-1 and their uptake mcg/plant as compared to the control treatments . This trend was true for the clay and sandy soils during both seasons of the experiment . In this regard ; the highest contents of Fe , Zn and Mn mg.kg-1 and their uptake by pea plants were connected with the highest used level of 100% RD and 20% extract (CK : rS) , while the lowest values were realized for the control treatments .5-5- seed quality of pea plants .soil addition of N , P and K fertilizers significantly increased the mean values of seed quality for pea plants i.e. Fe , V.C , total carbohydrates and crude protein as compared to the control treatments . This trend was true for clay and sandy soils during both seasons of the experiments . for all studied parameters of seed quality ; the highest values were recorded for the plants cultivation in the clay soil while , the lowest one was realized for the plants grown in sandy soil . Seeds of pea which was given 100% RD (NPK) contained more iron , vitamin C , total carbohydrates & crude protein compared with the control treatment .Spraying of compost tea at the rates of this investigation significantly increased the mean values of seed quality for pea plants i.e. Fe , V.C , total carbohydrates and crude protein as compared to the control treatments . This trend was true for clay and sandy soils during both seasons of the experiments . The highest Fe , V.C , total carbohydrates and crude protein were obtained in case of the application of the highest compost tea level i.e. 20% CK : rS Iron , vitamin C , total carbohydrates & crude protein contents of the produced green seeds were positively affected due to the interaction between (NPK) and compost tea . In this regard , the highest protein , carbohydrate and Vitamin C contents were reported due to the highest fertilizer levels of 100% RD coupled with 20% CK : rS during the 1st and 2nd season of study in clay and sandy soil