الفهرس 
Introduction & aim of the work
EmperyologyOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
High resolution real time sonography has made a revolution in the diagnosis and assessment of various pathological conditions in the musculoskeletal system since its introduction at the beginning at 1980 because it is an easy technique of low cost and does not expose the patient to ionizing radiation or require sedation. The hip joint has a complex anatomy and require multiple radiographic projections for demonstration of different portion of its structure and detecting any pathologic lesion in any of its component. Ultrasound has solved this problem especially in infants as most of the hip structure is formed of cartilage and made it possible to have a detailed study to show different pathological lesions as infections, traumatic and developmental lesions. Ultrasound is valuable tool for assessment of the infant hip as we can visualize the hip effusion and asses the stability of the head of the femur inside the acetabulum by dynamic U.S. and the position of the femoral head can be judged relative to the acetabulum which can be assessed for depth and femoral head coverage. CONCLUSION: From this study we conclude that: • The use of U.S. in hip disorders in infants is a beneficial method in its assessment as it is much better than radiography in defining the cartilaginous femoral head and the acetabulum, it also can be repeated with no radiation risk. • Clear and accurate results are achieved only with attention to U.S. anatomic details and understanding the pathology. • Ultrasonic diagnosis of developmental dysplasia of the hip should depend on both static morphologic measurements and dynamic assessment because of measurement variations. • 7Ultrasound of the hip should be the first examination requested for infant with suspicion of hip arthritis as visualization of the effusion give accurate diagnosis and help in early treatment and prevent complications.