الفهرس 
IntroductionOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Laryngeal reinnervation refers to a number of surgical procedures intended to restore the neural connections to the larynx, which has usually been lost from some type of trauma. The main purpose of reinnervation procedures is to prevent denervation atrophy of laryngeal muscles. The techniques used may be direct end-to-end anastomosis (neurorrhaphy), direct implantation of a nerve ending into a muscle, the nerve- muscle pedicle (NMP) technique, or muscle-nerve-muscle (MNM) methods. These nerves and techniques may be combined in many ways . Direct neurorrhaphy is done through direct connection of the both cut ends of the nerve. NMP technique means that a block of muscle surrounding the terminal portion of a nerve was removed from the donor muscle and sutured into the target muscle. Another option for connecting the donor nerve to the laryngeal muscle is to suture the nerve directly into the muscle (‘‘nerve implantation’’). The MNM technique involves a nerve graft that is directly implanted into a denervated muscle on one end and into an innervated muscle on the other end. Despite the importance of laryngeal sensation, relatively little attention has been given to laryngeal sensory reinnervation and to test the feasibility and efficacy of laryngeal sensory reinnervation. Rehabilitation of supraglottic laryngeal sensation is feasible by way of anastomosis of the ibSLN to itself, but also to the lingual, glossopharyngeal, and great auricular nerves. These results suggest that this type of procedure may be useful in humans to prevent aspiration and subsequent pneumonia as related to lesions of the laryngeal reflex pathway. The number of researchers and ideas under investigation make this an exciting time to be working in the area of laryngeal reinnervation. New techniques and new data using old techniques will soon be available to help us choose the best way to use laryngeal reinnervation procedures to help our patients .