الفهرس 
Perception of painOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Objective: To test the hypothesis that preoperative intravenous administration of ketamine-fentanyl may be able to produce postoperative analgesia equivalent to that produced by preoperative epidural bupivacaine-fentanyl.
Design: Double-blind randomized controlled trial.
Setting: Urology and Nephrology Center, University of Mansoura, Mansoura, Egypt.
Participants: 82 children + 175 children subjected to open elective urologic surgery.
Main Outcome Measures: the quality of postoperative analgesia as a primary outcome, and the intraoperative anesthesia-relaxant requirement and the triviality of drug-induced side effects as a secondary outcome.
Results: Greater percentage of children in control group (56.8%) had highest pain scores in comparison with parenteral (5.2%) and epidural (1.4%) groups. Children in parenteral and epidural groups were similar in their postoperative sedation-analgesia score. Diclofenac sodium consumption was significantly higher in control group compared to both parenteral and epidural groups. It was similar in both parenteral and epidural group. Vecuronium requirements were significantly lower in parenteral group compared to control group and to epidural group.
Conclusion: The results of the current study are in favor of use of presurgical iv ketamine-fentanyl instead of epidural bupivacaine-fentanyl for pediatric urologic surgery.