الفهرس 
Applied Anatomy of the lumbar spineOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Endoscopic lumbar discectomy is the future of disc surgery. The goal of operations for lumbar disc herniations is sufficient decompression with minimization of surgery-induced traumatization and its sequelae under visual control. This can be achieved with endoscopic lumbar discectomy, which has advantages, disadvantages.
The advantages of endoscopic lumbar discectomy include, excellent visual conditions, short operative times, short hospitalization, rapid rehabilitation, high rate of return to earlier level of activity in sports and occupation, Preservation of epidural lubricating fatty tissue, reduced epidural scarring, avoidance of post-discectomy syndrome, minimized resection of bone and ligaments, possible reduction of surgery-induced instabilities, reduced traumatization and denervation of the paraspinal muscles, no surgery-related increase in back pain, subsequent operations are not made more difficult, reduced dural injury, bleeding, infections, No increase in morbidity in concurrent illnesses and advanced age and last but not least high patient acceptance.
While disadvantages are limited including, difficult to learn and to apply, expensive, extensive specialized instruments, the exposure to X-rays is mandatory, extremely large herniations are difficult removed, technical limitations of the instruments, and anatomical limitations.
Contraindications of endoscopic lumbar discectomy are few including, increase the risk of infection from local skin infection, bleeding tendency of the patient, and sever form of ankylosing spondylitis.