الفهرس 
Review of LiteratureOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Apoptosis is a form of programmed cell death in multicellular organisms. It is one of the main types of (PCD) and involves a series of biochemical events leading to a characteristic cell morphology and death, in more specific terms, a series of biochemical events that lead to a variety of morphological changes including blebbing, changes to the cell membrane such as loss of membrane asymmetry and attachment, cell shrinkage, nuclear fragmentation, chromatin condensation, and chromosomal DNA fragmentation. Apoptosis is also necessary for the destruction of cells considered a threat such as cells infected with viruses, cells with DNA damage, cancerous cells, and cells of the immune system after they have fulfilled their function. The decision of a cell to Apoptosis is a normal cellular process depends upon the balance between positive signals keeping the cell alive such as IL’2 and negative signals that call for cellular suicide eg, oxidative stress, DNA damage, improper protein folding, and specific molecules such as tumor necrosis factor alpha and beta (TNF-α and TNF-B), and the FAS ligand (FasL) that binds to the Fas receptor. Apoptosis is a physiological process of cell elimination, which is important for both maintenance of cellular homeostasis and cell proliferation and differentiation. Disturbances in the cell death process might lead to uncontrolled cell growth and to tumor formation. In addition, proper function of the apoptotic machinery is critical for tumor susceptibility to treatment. Many pro- and anti-apoptotic genes have been cloned and their significance for proper function of the apoptotic The tow major pathways for apoptosis induction are death receptor - signaling pathway through mitochondria. The activation of either of these pathways eventually targets caspases, the main executioners of cell death. Hematological malignancies are the types of cancer that affect blood, bone marrow and lymph nodes. As the three are intimately connected through the immune system, a disease affecting one of the three will often affect the others as well: although lymphoma is technically a disease of the lymph nodes, it often spreads to the bone marrow, affecting the blood and occasionally producing a paraprotein.