الفهرس 
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Abstract
This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of Punica granatum (P. granatum) peel and Echinacea purpurea (E. purpurea) extracts on rabbits and broilers chicken. First experiment: One hundred rabbits were divided into five equal groups. Control group received 1ml distilled water daily. P1 & P2 groups: received P. granatum at doses 50 & 100 mg/kg body weight daily respectively. E1 & E2 groups: received E. purpurea at doses 24.5 & 49 mg/kg body weight daily respectively. After 2 weeks, each group was divided into 2 subgroups. One of them was vaccinated with formalized polyvalent pasteurellosis vaccin and the other subgroup was vaccinated after 4 weeks of treatments. Animals were weighed individually 2 times weekly intervals. Blood samples were collected at the end of 2nd and 4th week and 2 weeks after vaccination. After blood sampling animals were sacrificed and specimens (liver, kidney, spleen, intestine and stomach) were taken for histopathological examination. Results showed that final weight, total weight gain and daily weight gain were significantly increased in high dose P. granatum between weeks 2-4 and 0-4. Total and daily weight gains and FCR were improved in low and high doses Echinacea groups between weeks 0-2 and 0-4 respectively. Hematological results reflected normal erythrogram with significant leukocytosis in high dose P. granatum and low dose Echinacea. Lymphocytosis was prominent in all groups at the same period. Glucose and cholesterol levels were decreased at 2nd and 4th week respectively in P. granatum groups. Total protein and globulin are elevated in low dose Echinacea at 4th week. At 4th week, vaccinated Echinacea groups showed elevation of total protein value, in addition, low dose one (GP-E1) showed significant globulinemia. Also at 6th week, vaccinated low dose P. granatum showed significant increasing of globulin resulted in decreasing of A/G ratio. Hypoglycemia was appeared in P. granatum groups at the same time. Immunological results showed significant increasing of lysozyme activity in high dose P. granatum at 2nd week. Bactericidal activity and nitric oxide (NO) value were significantly elevated in low and high doses Echinacea respectively at 4th week. The vaccinated groups showed significant increasing of lysozyme activity in all groups except low dose Echinacea at 4th week. In the same time, elevation of the titer and bactericidal activity were prominent in low dose P. granatum and high dose Echinacea beside elevation of titer in low dose Echinacea. At 6th week, NO value was increased in P. granatum groups while titer increased in high dose one only. Catalase enzyme increased in low dose P. granatum and in high dose Echinacea at 2nd and 4th week respectively. While GSH was increased in all groups at 2nd and 4th weeks, except in high dose Echinacea at 2nd week. Vaccinated groups, catalase enzyme increased in Echinacea groups at 4th week. Moreover GSH was increased in low dose P. granatum (GP-P1) at 4th and 6th weeks. While in high dose one (GP-P2) showed GSH elevation at 6th week only. All studied parameters reflected normal healthy state of the experimental animals and confirmed histopathologicaly. Second experiment: Fifty, one day old chicks were acclimatized for one week and divided randomly into five equal groups. Control group received water only. Groups P1 and P2 received two doses of P. granatum extract 0.1% and 0.2% respectively. Groups E1 and E2 received two doses of E. purpurea extract 0.1% and 0.2% respectively. All birds were administered the extracts in drinking water for 4 weeks. Birds were weighed individually 2 times weekly intervals. Whole blood and serum samples were collected at 5th week. Results established the following: Low doses of E. purpurea and P. granatum extracts are the choice as growth promoters. Total protein showed significant elevation in low dose Echinacea. Glucose value was decreased in the P. granatum groups. Immunological results revealed NO value is significantly decreased in all experimental groups. Conversely, lysozyme activity was increased in all experimental groups except in low dose P. granatum. The study concluded that supplementation of E. purpurea and P. granatum extracts could be used in rabbits and poultry drinking water