الفهرس 
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Abstract
Organ transplantation is a surgical operation where a failing or damaged organ in the human body is removed and replaced with a new one, while organ is a mass of specialized cells and tissues that work together to perform a function in the body. The term “organ transplant” typically refers to transplantation of solid organs like heart, lung, kidney, liver, pancreas and intestine. Other types of transplants that are less invasive or may require specialized procedures include; Skin grafts, corneal transplants and Bone marrow transplants. A graft is similar to transplantion. It is the process of removing tissue from one part of a person’s body or another person’s body and surgically reimplanting it to replace or compensate for damaged tissue (Adams et al., 2002). Organ transplantation is one of the most dynamic fields in medicine and has evolved into a life-saving option for thousands of patients with previously fatal conditions. The posttransplantation clinical course is frequently associated with neurologic complications that are usually related to pretransplant morbidity, the surgical procedure of transplantation, immunosuppression, and opportunistic infection. Allograft recipients frequently have complicated postoperative courses and commonly require life-long immunosuppression (Misha Pless and Zivkovic, 2002). Over the past four decades, remarkable advances have been made in the field of organ transplantation. Improved surgical techniques and perioperative care have reduced the mortality and morbidity of many organ transplant procedures to acceptable levels. The creation of national and international organ registries has resulted in a more efficient system for organ procurement and use. Advances in immunology and the introduction of more potent immunomodulating agents have led to doubling of survival rates for those with transplanted grafts (Rifaat and Bashir, 2001).