الفهرس 
Introduction
InfluenzaOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Influenza, commonly referred to as the flu, is an infectious disease caused by RNA viruses of the family Orthomyxoviridae that affects birds and mammals. Influenza can be asymptomatic or can cause a broad range of illness. In children, influenza causes various respiratory syndromes, including otitis media, croup, bronchiolitis, bronchitis, asthma, and pneumonia that can vary from mild to fulminant primary viral or secondary bacterial pneumonia. Children may also be hospitalized for febrile convulsions and encephalitis and children with underlying neurological problems have an increased mortality from influenza. Avian influenza is an infectious disease of birds caused by influenza virus type A strains occurring worldwide. The natural reservoir of avian influenza viruses are wild waterfowl, gulls, and shorebirds. Historically, these species of birds have carried avian influenza viruses without developing symptoms; such is an optimal condition of adaptation, especially virus to host. Given these birds are migratory; they are known to carry viruses over great distances. These birds can excrete significant viral loads in their feces, yet remain healthy. The recent outbreak of a novel Swine Influenza A (H1N1) virus (SIV), which was first detected in April 2009 in California (USA), has now migrated to other parts of the Americas, Europe, Australia, and Asia. SIV is a ‘triple-reassortment’ influenza virus, containing genes from human, swine, and avian influenza A viruses.