الفهرس 
Introduction
According To Clinical SyndromeOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Neuroendocrine tumors of the pancreas are uncommon neoplasms. They may occur as a sporadic lesion or as part of a genetic disease such as the multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN-1) syndrome. Sporadic tumors usually arise as a single lesion, whereas those associated with familial disorders generally are multifocal. Tumors may be classified as functioning or nonfunctioning depending on whether or not there is excess hormone production correlated with a clinical syndrome. Clinical suspicion is based on development of the constellation of clinical symptoms characteristic of excess hormone production. In the case of a nonfunctioning tumor, its presence often becomes apparent because of symptoms from local tumor growth or metastatic disease. Once biochemical studies confirm the diagnosis and cross-sectional imaging exclude metastatic disease . Radical surgery represents only the therapeutic approach potentially able to achieve clinical cure of PNETs.