الفهرس 
Introduction
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Abstract
The thesis consists of three main chapters: The first chapter, Metal Complexes of 2-Hydrazinopyridine Thiosemicarbazide Derivatives, contains three section. In section one, a brief literature survey on 2-hydrazinopyridine coordination behaviour was displayed. The second section illustrates the experiments and instrumentations used. Section three, results and discussion, divided into two main parts, the 1st part, includes synthesis and characterization of copper(II) complexes while the second part, is for palladium(II), platinum(II) and sliver(I) complexes of 4-ethyl and 4-p-tolyl thiosemicarbazides. The results indicates :(i) the proposed chemical formulae of the ligands and their complexes are in good agreement with the stoichiometries concluded from their analytical data and the molecular weight for most of the prepared complexes was confirmed by mass spectra; (ii) the IR and 1H NMR spectra of the ligands and their Cu(II), Pd(II), Pt(II) and Ag(I) complexes indicated the change from keto to enol form upon coordination to the metal ions; (iii) different geometries tetrahedral and square planar are suggested for Cu(II) complexes while Pd(II) and Pt(II) complexes were square planar the prepared complexes. The second chapter, Cloud Point Extraction (CPE), contains three sections. The first section includes literature survey on cloud point extraction technique. The second section, Experimental, includes a list of reagents, stock solutions along with the working procedure and apparatus. The third section, Results and Discussion, displays the data obtained from using the 4-ethyl thiosemicarbazide in cloud point extraction for preconcentration and determination of trace amount of Cu(II). Parameters affecting the separation and determination processes were optimized. The proposed method was applied successfully in the determination of Cu(II) in water and saturated saline samples. The third chapter, Solid Phase Extraction (SPE), contains three sections. The first section displays a literature survey on solid phase extraction technique. The second section, Experimental, includes the experimental details used in separation, preconcentration and determination of Cu(II). The third section, Results and Discussion, shows the procedure for extraction of Cu(II) at trace level using silica gel immobilized with 4-ethyl thiosemicarbazide. At optimum conditions, the recovery of Cu(II) was 97±1% at 95% confidence level. The proposed method was applied for the separation of Cu(II) from water samples.