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Abstract Advances gradually obtained in cancer management performed using surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy have resulted in significantly improved cure rates especially in young patients with certain malignancies. currently used cancer therapies are often detrimental to fertility. Ovarian cryopreservation and transplantation is an emerging technology to preserve fertility in woman and children undergoing cancer treatment Cryopreservation means freezing of isolated cells or tissues. There are two techniques for ovarian cryopreservation: slow freezing and vitrification it may be for ovarian cortical slices or whole ovary cryopreservation Ovarian transplantation may be allogeneic transplantation, auto-transplantation or xenotransplantation Ischemic follicular damage is one of the major limiting factor of the success of ovarian transplantation. There are different methods for reduction of the ischemic damage including the use of antioxidant, facilitation of angiogenesis and recently the use of ischemic preconditioning phenomena and whole ovary transplantation with vascular anastemosis. Cancer cell transmission is another potential risk factor associated with ovarian tissue autotransplantation. To decrease the risk ot retransplantation of malignant cells, several methods are available including multible biopsies should be done from the ovarian transplant and xenotransplantation. |