الفهرس 
revised hypothesis of blood coagulationOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Coagulopathy represents an imbalance between the clotting and fibrinolytic systems. This imbalance may be hereditary or acquired in origin. Hereditary coagulopathies are relatively rare and have variable etiologies. Although acquired coagulopathy can be due to iatrogenic causes such as the administration of anticoagulants, it is usually the result of DIC. Patient with acute hepatitis may display amild thrombocytopenia,hepatic biosynthesis of clotting factors is impaired and this may be reflected in aprolongation of screening tests of coagulation.The prothrombin time and factor V levels are the most sensitive tests to hepatic biosynthetic dysfunction.The plasma fibrinogen may be raised in acute hepatic disturbance. Alow fibrinogen level is associated with apoor prognosis.Rather than being due to DIC or hyperfibrinolysis. In chronic liver disease thrombocytopenia is freqently noted. Coagulation factor synthesis is affected with respect to the vitamin K-dependent factors,factor IX synthesis is usually less reduced than that of factors II, VII and X. Low factor V level may correlate better than reduced vitamin K dependent factors with the level of hepatic dysfunction . Cholestatic liver disease will impair absorption of fat-soluble vitamins including vitamin K and will lead to reduced levels of vitamin K-dependent clotting factors. Most patients with stable chronic liver disease have a normal or increased fibrinogenaemia . Liver transplantation is surgery to remove a diseased liver and replace it with a healthy one. In adult the most common reason for liver transplantion is cirrhosis. In children the most common reason for liver transplantation is biliary atresia.Other reason for transplantation are liver cancer,benign liver tumors and hereditary diseases