الفهرس 
IntroductionOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a group of metabolic diseases characterized by hyperglycemia resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both. The chronic hyperglycemia of diabetes is associated with long-term damage, dysfunction, and failure of different organs, especially the eyes, kidneys, nerves, heart, and blood vessels. Four types of diabetes are recognized: Type 1 results from the body’s failure to produce insulin, Type 2 results from a condition in which the body fails to use insulin properly, combined with relative insulin deficiency, Pre-diabetes is a condition that occurs when a person’s blood glucose levels are higher than normal but not high enough for a diagnosis of type 2 diabetes and Gestational diabetes mellitus. Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a clinical condition diagnosed when ventricular dysfunction develops in patient with diabetes in absence of coronary atherosclerosis and hypertension. The functional changes in DCM include systolic and diastolic dysfunction which progress to CHF, an early stage of diabetic cardiomyopathy is LV diastolic dysfunction which can be evidenced by tissue Doppler imaging (TID) in Type 2 diabetes even in presence of a normal cardiac function with conventional echocardiography. Echocardiography based methods currently stand as the preferred diagnostic approach due to wide availability and economical use, in addition magnetic resonance imaging, spectroscopy and along with contrast agent are now leading new approaches in diagnosis of myocardial fibrosis and cardiac metabolic changes.Good glycaemic control, Nutritional interventions, judicious use of ACE inhibitors and calcium channels blockers are viable options. Newer insight into molecular basis of the disease will help us formulate appropriate drug therapy like xanthine oxidase inhibitor, stem cell therapy and relaxin hormone.